socket关闭有2个API: close，shutdown
他们之间的区别:
close-----关闭本进程的socket id，但链接还是开着的，用这个socket id的其它进程还能用这个链接，能读或写这个socket id
shutdown--则破坏了socket 链接，读的时候可能侦探到EOF结束符，写的时候可能会收到一个SIGPIPE信号，这个信号可能直到
socket buffer被填充了才收到，shutdown还有一个关闭方式的参数，0 不能再读，1不能再写，2 读写都不能。
socket 多进程中的shutdown, close使用
当所有的数据操作结束以后，你可以调用close()函数来释放该socket，从而停止在该socket上的任何数据操作：
close(sockfd);
你也可以调用shutdown()函数来关闭该socket。该函数允许你只停止在某个方向上的数据传输，而一个方向上的数据传输继续进行。如你可以关闭某socket的写操作而允许继续在该socket上接受数据，直至读入所有数据。
int shutdown(int sockfd,int how);
Sockfd是需要关闭的socket的描述符。参数 how允许为shutdown操作选择以下几种方式：
SHUT_RD：关闭连接的读端。也就是该套接字不再接受数据，任何当前在套接字接受缓冲区的数据将被丢弃。进程将不能对该套接字发出任何读操作。对TCP套接字该调用之后接受到的任何数据将被确认然后无声的丢弃掉。
SHUT_WR:关闭连接的写端，进程不能在对此套接字发出写操作
SHUT_RDWR:相当于调用shutdown两次：首先是以SHUT_RD,然后以SHUT_WR
使用close中止一个连接，但它只是减少描述符的参考数，并不直接关闭连接，只有当描述符的参考数为0时才关闭连接。
shutdown可直接关闭描述符，不考虑描述符的参考数，可选择中止一个方向的连接。
注意:
1>. 如果有多个进程共享一个套接字，close每被调用一次，计数减1，直到计数为0时，也就是所用进程都调用了close，套接字将被释放。
2>. 在多进程中如果一个进程中shutdown(sfd, SHUT_RDWR)后其它的进程将无法进行通信. 如果一个进程close(sfd)将不会影响到其它进程. 得自己理解引用计数的用法了. 有Kernel编程知识的更好理解了.
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其他的一些解释：
Explanation of shutdown and close: Graceful shutdown (msdn)
Shutdown (in your case) indicates to the other end of the connection there is no further intention to read from or write to the socket. Then close frees up any memory associated with the socket.
Omitting shutdown may cause the socket to linger in the OSs stack until the connection has been closed gracefully.
IMO the names 'shutdown' and 'close' are misleading, 'close' and 'destroy' would emphasise their differences.
Calling close and shutdown have two different affects on the underlying socket.
The first thing to point out is that the socket is a resource in the underlying OS and multiple processes can have a handle for the same underlying socket.
When you call close it decrements the handle count by one and if the handle count has reached zero then the socket and associated connection goes through the normal close procedure (effectively sending a FIN / EOF to the peer) and the socket is deallocated.
The thing to pay attention to here is that if the handle count does not reach zero because another process still has a handle to the socket then the connection is not closed and the socket is not deallocated.
On the other hand calling shutdown for reading and writing closes the underlying connection and sends a FIN / EOF to the peer regardless of how many processes have handles to the socket. However, it does not deallocate the socket and you still need to call close afterward.
Once a socket is no longer required, the calling program can discard the socket by applying a close subroutine to the socket descriptor. If a reliable delivery socket has data associated with it when a close takes place, the system continues to attempt data transfer. However, if the data is still undelivered, the system discards the data. Should the application program have no use for any pending data, it can use the shutdown subroutine on the socket prior to closing it.
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